- social marginal costs
- общественные предельные издержки
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics. 2014.
social marginal costs
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Social discount rate — is a measure used to help guide choices about the value of diverting funds to social projects. It is defined as “the appropriate value of r to use in computing present discount value for social investments” [Gruber, Jonathan (2007). Chapter 8:… … Wikipedia
Marginal cost — A typical marginal cost curve with marginal revenue overlaid In economics and finance, marginal cost is the change in total cost that arises when the quantity produced changes by one unit. That is, it is the cost of producing one more unit of a… … Wikipedia
costs — Ⅰ. costs [plural] (also legal costs) ► LAW the money that helps pay for the lawyers and the court in a legal case, usually paid by the person or organization that has lost the case: »They were fined $50,000 and ordered to pay $10,000 in costs. →… … Financial and business terms
Social cost — In economics social cost is defined as the sum of private and external costs. Economic theorists ascribe individual decision making to a calculation costs and benefits. Rational choice theory assumes that individuals only consider their own… … Wikipedia
Marginal Social Cost - MSC — The total cost to society as a whole for producing one further unit, or taking one further action, in an economy. This total cost of producing one extra unit of something is not simply the direct cost borne by the producer, but also must include… … Investment dictionary
Marginal utility — In economics, the marginal utility of a good or service is the utility gained (or lost) from an increase (or decrease) in the consumption of that good or service. Economists sometimes speak of a law of diminishing marginal utility, meaning that… … Wikipedia
social security — 1. (usually caps.) a program of old age, unemployment, health, disability, and survivors insurance maintained by the U.S. federal government through compulsory payments by specific employer and employee groups. 2. the theory or practice of… … Universalium
Social Security (Australia) — This article is about the system of welfare payments in Australia. For the general concept of providing welfare, see Social security. For other uses, see Social Security (disambiguation). Social Security, in Australia, refers to a system of… … Wikipedia
Social class in the United States — A monument to the working and supporting classes along Market Street in the heart of San Francisco s Financial District Income in the United States Affluence in the … Wikipedia
Sunk costs — In economics and business decision making, sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be incurred… … Wikipedia
Reciprocity (social and political philosophy) — The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others… … Wikipedia
